Introduction
In Exodus 7-12, Moses through the power of God releases 10 plagues of different sorts on the land of Egypt which included, turning all the water to blood, plagues of insects, boils, and hail. Finally, the death of every first-born son included the death of Pharaoh’s eldest who would someday inherit the kingdom of Egypt.
We will see that they were delivered not just to let Pharaoh know who God was but also to let the Israelites know who God was. Because they have been enslaved for 430 years, they didn’t know God, they have become used to being enslaved and used to being around the idol gods of Egypt. And so not only did God have to convince Pharaoh who He was, but He also had to convince the Israelites who He was.
THE MIRACLES
Some people question if the miracles recorded were actually miracles, note the following thoughts.
1. In each case they were accurately foretold, as to the time and place of occurrence.
2. The intensity of such things as the frogs and lice was beyond all possibility of what could have been expected naturally.
3. Both their occurrence and their ending were demonstrated to be under the control and subject to the Word of God through Moses.
4. There was discrimination, some of the plagues afflicting the Egyptians and yet at the same time sparing the Israelites.
5. There was orderliness in their appearance, each event more severe than the one that preceded it, concluding with the most devastating of all, the death of the firstborn.
6. Also, there was progression in relation to the reaction of Pharaoh’s servants. At first, they could do anything that Moses did, but at last, admitted their failure and affirmed that ‘This is the finger of God!’
7. Over and beyond all this, there was a moral purpose in the plagues, they were not mere freaks of nature.
Now, remember that the ten plagues were actually ten disasters sent upon Egypt by God to convince Pharaoh to free the Israelite slaves from the bondage and oppression they had endured in Egypt for 430 years.
When God sent Moses to deliver the children of Israel from bondage in Egypt, He promised to show His wonders as confirmation of Moses’ authority, Exodus 3:20.
This confirmation was to serve at least two purposes, firstly, to show the Israelites that the God of their fathers was alive and worthy of their worship and secondly, to show the Egyptians that their gods were nothing.
The Egyptians worshipped a wide variety of nature gods and attributed to their powers the natural phenomena they saw in the world around them. There was a god of the sun, of the river, of childbirth, of crops, etc.
Events like the annual flooding of the Nile, which fertilized their croplands, were evidence of their god’s powers and goodwill. When Moses approached Pharaoh, demanding that he let the people go, Pharaoh responded by saying “Who is the LORD, that I should obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the LORD and I will not let Israel go.” Exodus 5:2. And so from that point onwards, the challenge was on to show whose God was more powerful.
THE PLAGUE OF HAIL
‘Then the LORD said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me, or this time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your officials and your people, so you may know that there is no one like me in all the earth. For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might show you my power and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth. You still set yourself against my people and will not let them go. Therefore, at this time tomorrow I will send the worst hailstorm that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded till now. Give an order now to bring your livestock and everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will fall on every person and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in the field, and they will die.’” Those officials of Pharaoh who feared the word of the LORD hurried to bring their slaves and their livestock inside. But those who ignored the word of the LORD left their slaves and livestock in the field. Then the LORD said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that hail will fall all over Egypt—on people and animals and on everything growing in the fields of Egypt.” When Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, the LORD sent thunder and hail, and lightning flashed down to the ground. So the LORD rained hail on the land of Egypt; hail fell and lightning flashed back and forth. It was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation. Throughout Egypt hail struck everything in the fields—both people and animals; it beat down everything growing in the fields and stripped every tree. The only place it did not hail was the land of Goshen, where the Israelites were. Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,” he said to them. “The LORD is in the right, and I and my people are in the wrong. Pray to the LORD, for we have had enough thunder and hail. I will let you go; you don’t have to stay any longer.” Moses replied, “When I have gone out of the city, I will spread out my hands in prayer to the LORD. The thunder will stop and there will be no more hail, so you may know that the earth is the LORD’s. But I know that you and your officials still do not fear the LORD God.” (The flax and barley were destroyed, since the barley had headed and the flax was in bloom. The wheat and spelt, however, were not destroyed, because they ripen later.) Then Moses left Pharaoh and went out of the city. He spread out his hands toward the LORD; the thunder and hail stopped, and the rain no longer poured down on the land. When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had stopped, he sinned again: He and his officials hardened their hearts. So Pharaoh’s heart was hard and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the LORD had said through Moses.’ Exodus 9:13-35
Before God sent the last four plagues, Pharaoh was given a special message from God. These plagues would be more severe than the others, and they were designed to convince Pharaoh and all the people, ‘that there is none like me in all the earth’, Exodus 9:13-14.
You will notice that it was this plague that increases the hardships of those who were afflicted. The affliction would come within the household of Pharaoh so that he would understand that there was no god that man could conceive as the God of heaven.
God could have done away with Egypt in the blink of an eye, He could have wiped them off the face of the Earth and just taken Israel out of Egypt to the Promised Land. He didn’t do that because He wanted to demonstrate that He was in control of absolutely everything, Exodus 9:15.
Notice also that it was God who raised Pharaoh up into the position he had at this time, Exodus 9:16. God foreknew that Pharaoh would resist His plan to deliver Israel from captivity. He knew that all ten plagues would have to be unleashed on Egypt in order that He be glorified as the all-powerful God of heaven. God raised Pharaoh up precisely for the purpose of glorifying God’s Name, Exodus 9:16. God’s will, is going to be done but it was entirely up to Pharaoh as to just how that would happen.
Pharaoh set himself against God’s people and won’t let them go and a result God once again sets up a time, tomorrow, when He will send the next plague, Exodus 9:17-18. It will be the worst hailstorm that has ever fallen on Egypt, Exodus 9:18. Here we read of the seventh plague, hail, Exodus 9:18 / Psalm 78:48. This was an attack against ‘Nut’, the sky goddess, ‘Osiris’, the crop fertility god, and ‘Set’, the storm god.
And as an example of His grace, God warned Pharaoh to gather whatever cattle and crops remained from the previous plagues and shelter them from the coming storm, Exodus 9:19. Notice that some officials feared the LORD and brought their salves and livestock inside, Exodus 9:20, while others ignored the LORD and left their slaves and livestock in the field, Exodus 9:21.
At the command of God, Moses stretches out his hand toward the sky so that hail will fall all over Egypt, on people, animals and on everything growing in the fields of Egypt, Exodus 9:22. When Moses did this the LORD sent thunder and hail, and lightning flashed down to the ground and so the LORD rained hail on the land of Egypt, Exodus 9:23. Hail fell and lightning flashed back and forth, it was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation, Exodus 9:24.
What we see here is that this was the first plague that took human life, Exodus 9:25. It was more destructive to human property and was made known with the terrifying manifestation of hail mingled with fire. This hail was unlike any that had been seen before, it was accompanied by a fire which ran along the ground, and everything left out in the open was devastated by the hail and fire, Exodus 9:25.
But once again, God’s people were miraculously protected, and no hail-damaged anything in their lands, Exodus 9:26. Can you imagine being there? I would be so tempted to step out of Goshen, pop into the part where the hail and fire were happening and pop back into Goshen again.
Imagine if you lived right on the borderline where you’ve got this line on the ground where no hail and fire are and just watching this event. If you’re an Israelite there would be no mistaking the awesomeness of God.
Pharaoh summons Moses and Aaron and confesses that this time he has have sinned, he says The LORD is in the right, and I and his people are in the wrong, Exodus 9:27. He asks Moses and Aaron to pray on his behalf because they have had enough thunder and hail and he promises to let God’s people go, they don’t have to stay in Egypt any longer, Exodus 9:28.
Fields, in his commentary, says the following.
‘The desperate Egyptians were in sorrow and fright. Their sky-goddess Nut could not protect them from hail from the sky. Nut was often pictured as a lanky nude female arching from horizon to horizon across the sky, touching the ground with fingertips and toes. Isis and Seth were also thought to have care over agricultural production, but the pagan gods were silent and helpless.’
Moses tells him that he will pray when he goes out of the city and reassures him that the thunder and the hail will stop so that Pharaoh will may know that the earth is the LORD’s, Exodus 9:29. However, notice that Moses tells Pharoah that he knows that Pharaoh and your officials still don’t fear the LORD God, Exodus 9:30.
Coffman, in his commentary, says the following.
‘What could Pharaoh have meant by this? He would have been more accurate if he had said, ‘I have sinned these seven times!’ In thus limiting his sin, Pharaoh, in fact, confessed nothing, and also laid a portion of the guilt upon ‘the people,’ as did Aaron regarding the golden calf, saying, ‘I and my people are wicked.’
Langley, in his commentary, says the following.
‘It was not Pharaoh in control of the earth, nor Pharaoh’s gods, but Yahweh, the God of Israel. He is the Lord of all, Psalms 24:1.
At this point we are told that the flax and barley were destroyed, since the barley had headed and the flax was in bloom, Exodus 9:31. We are also told that the wheat and spelt, however, were not destroyed, because they ripen later, Exodus 9:32.
Coffman, in his commentary, says the following.
‘Both of these were important vital crops to the Egyptians. Linen made from flax provided the garments for the priesthood and all wealthy classes; and the barley was used both for men and for animals as food. By these crops being ‘in the ear’ and ‘in bloom’ respectively, the time of this plague can be fixed in late January, or in early February.’
Once Moses left Pharaoh and went out of the city, he spread out his hands toward the LORD; the thunder and hail stopped, Exodus 9:33. Notice once again, when Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had stopped, he sinned again, he and his officials hardened their hearts, Exodus 9:34.
It appears that as soon as Pharaoh gets any relief from the plagues, his stubbornness kicks in and changes his mind about letting God’s people go, just as God said he would, Exodus 9:35.
