Introduction
‘The word came to Jeremiah from the LORD when King Zedekiah sent to him Pashhur son of Malkijah and the priest Zephaniah son of Maaseiah. They said: ‘Inquire now of the LORD for us because Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon is attacking us. Perhaps the LORD will perform wonders for us as in times past so that he will withdraw from us.’ Jeremiah 21:1-2
GOD REJECTS ZEDEKIAH’S REQUEST
This context takes us to the end of Judah and Jerusalem that occurred in 586 B.C. It was then that the Babylonians laid siege to the city and destroyed it, Jeremiah 37:3-38:28, taking into captivity the remainder of the Israelites.
Coffman, in his commentary, says the following, concerning Pashhur and Zephaniah.
‘This Pashhur was not the same as the Pashhur of the previous chapter. One was the son of Immer, and the other the son of Malchijah. Zephaniah was the successor of Jehoida the priest, Jeremiah 29:25-26 / Jeremiah 37:3 / Jeremiah 52:24.’
Pashhur was commanded by the king Zedekiah to request prayer from Jeremiah, Jeremiah 21:1, whom he had formerly beaten and publicly mocked, Jeremiah 20:1-2. The reason for the prayer requested isn’t because Zedekiah had a change of heart towards God but because Nebuchadnezzar attacking them, Jeremiah 20:2. Zedekiah believes God may help them as He did in the past, Jeremiah 20:3. We know that there are three successful wars that Nebuchadnezzar waged against Judah in 605 BC, 597 BC, and 586 BC.
Zedekiah was the last king of Israel before the captivity and in view of the idolatry into which the nation had fallen by this time and Pashhur’s persecution of Jeremiah, we would assume that Zedekiah’s plea to the Lord was the last resort after he had consulted all his false gods. The plea, therefore, would reveal a belittlement of the God of heaven in the mind of Zedekiah. He belittled God by considering Him to be the last ‘god’ to which he would plead for the deliverance of the nation.
‘But Jeremiah answered them, ‘Tell Zedekiah, ‘This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: I am about to turn against you the weapons of war that are in your hands, which you are using to fight the king of Babylon and the Babylonians who are outside the wall besieging you. And I will gather them inside this city. I myself will fight against you with an outstretched hand and a mighty arm in furious anger and in great wrath. I will strike down those who live in this city—both man and beast—and they will die of a terrible plague. After that, declares the LORD, I will give Zedekiah king of Judah, his officials and the people in this city who survive the plague, sword, and famine, into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and to their enemies who want to kill them. He will put them to the sword; he will show them no mercy or pity or compassion.’ Jeremiah 21:3-7
Jeremiah answers Zedekiah and tells him that destruction and death were certain, Jeremiah 21:3-6. Got is going to turn against them and the weapons they are using to fight against the Babylonians who were are outside the wall besieging them and He will gather them inside this city, Jeremiah 21:4. God Himself is going to fight against them with an outstretched hand and a mighty arm in furious anger and in great wrath, Jeremiah 21:5. He is going to strike down every living thing the city and they will die of a terrible plague, Jeremiah 21:6.
Coffman, in his commentary, says the following.
‘The terrible news for Zedekiah was that God, far from putting a hook in the nose of Nebuchadnezzar, and dragging him back to his homeland, as he had surely done to Sennacherib a hundred years earlier, God would actually help the invaders to accomplish their purpose of the total destruction of the city.’
Afterwards God is going to give Zedekiah, his officials and the people in this city who survive the plague, sword, and famine, into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and to their enemies who want to kill them, Jeremiah 21:7. They will die and God will show them no mercy or pity or compassion, Jeremiah 21:7. They had waited too long to repent.
‘Furthermore, tell the people, ‘This is what the LORD says: See, I am setting before you the way of life and the way of death. Whoever stays in this city will die by the sword, famine, or plague. But whoever goes out and surrenders to the Babylonians who are besieging you will live; they will escape with their lives. I have determined to do this city harm and not good, declares the LORD. It will be given into the hands of the king of Babylon, and he will destroy it with fire.’ Jeremiah 21:8-10
God set two options before the people, Jeremiah 21:8. They could stay in the city and fight, Jeremiah 21:9. Those who remained in the city would die from the natural catastrophes and war that came with a city under siege, Jeremiah 21:9. Or they could surrender and give themselves over to the Babylonians, Jeremiah 21:9.
Scribner, in his commentary, says the following.
‘The choice was between a life lived under the blessing and favour of God, and a life of sin and death; but here it is the miserable alternative of a life saved by desertion to the enemy with its resulting captivity, and certain death sure to come to all who remained in the city by sword, by pestilence, or by famine.’
If one gave himself over to the Babylonians, a person’s booty from the battle would be his own life. Those who would surrender would thus begin the hard road to cultural rehabilitation. It would start with total submission to the enemy and thus humiliation that would crush the arrogance that brought them to this point in history.
Their children would be born to parents who had suffered the humiliation of captivity. In growing up in captivity, the children, therefore, would begin the spiritual road back to submission to God. On the other side of the captivity, a new generation would come forth in service to God. God goal for the city are clear, He wants to cause it harm and it will be given into the hands of the king of Babylon, and He will destroy it with fire, Jeremiah 21:10.
Coffman, in his commentary, says the following.
‘Jeremiah was indeed a type of Jesus Christ in some particulars; and one of them is evident here. Both Jeremiah and Christ commanded the true followers of God to abandon the city of Jerusalem. Christ did so in Matthew 24:16, at the time of the Roman siege in A.D. 70. In that instance, however, the Christians would be fleeing to a place of safety at Pella.’
‘Moreover, say to the royal house of Judah, ‘Hear the word of the LORD. This is what the LORD says to you, house of David: ‘Administer justice every morning; rescue from the hand of the oppressor the one who has been robbed, or my wrath will break out and burn like fire because of the evil you have done—burn with no one to quench it. I am against you, Jerusalem, you who live above this valley on the rocky plateau, declares the LORD—you who say, ‘Who can come against us? Who can enter our refuge?’ I will punish you as your deeds deserve, declares the LORD. I will kindle a fire in your forests that will consume everything around you.’ Jeremiah 21:11-14
This exhortation is a general message to the kings of Judah, Jeremiah 21:11. Those material things that were acquired by the exploitation of the oppressed and which the rich oppressors cherished so much, would be taken from them by their captors, Jeremiah 21:12. The corrupt rulers would lose all they had taken from the people through corruption Jeremiah 21:12.
Although the city of Jerusalem is mentioned here, Jeremiah 21:13, in view of the context, it could be to the royal family that lived in Jerusalem. Whether Jerusalem or the royal family, self-sufficient arrogance was their character, as they thought, who can come against us? Who can enter our refuge? Jeremiah 21:13.
God would come down to them in judgment, Jeremiah 21:14. When people deal harshly with others, with the same harshness God will deal with them. We will be judged according to our deeds, 2 Corinthians 5:10.