It’s believed that Jeremiah 11 and Jeremiah 12-13 were written about the same time, that is, in the early part of the reign of Jehoiachim. This would be about 620 B.C. during the four or five-year period when God’s people felt secure because of their friendship with Egypt.
The theme here is the breaking of the covenant given to God’s people at Sinai, the sacred covenant given to them when they came out of Egypt. This covenant was almost forgotten until a copy of the Law of Moses was discovered by Hilkiah during the renovation of the temple during the time of the good king, Josiah, 2 Kings 22-23.
Deuteronomy 27:14-26 tells us that in God’s covenant there were curses, if you leave the Law you will leave the land. But, in the next chapter, Deuteronomy 28:1-14, there were blessings. These were God’s promises. If you do this, this will happen. If you don’t do this, this will happen. If you keep the Law, you will keep the land. What was the prophet’s conclusion? So be it Lord. Let it be. Let it happen.
God tells Jeremiah, in this chapter, that he isn’t to plead or to pray for these people. The people will cry to God. but God says I am not going to listen. Therefore, they will turn to their idols, but the idols won’t do anything for them.
Jeremiah, at the time indicated here, would be in possession of the whole Pentateuch, and probably had many of the prophets as well, certainly Isaiah. How could God have commanded Jeremiah to teach ‘the terms of this covenant to the people, if he didn’t have them in his possession?
‘Proclaim all these words in the towns of Judah’. This shows that, for a certain time, Jeremiah visited some of the cities of Judah urging God’s people to renew their love for the covenant. We have no further information about a travelling ministry by Jeremiah in the Bible, other than this.
God redeemed Israel out of Egyptian bondage. He took the initiative to free the people from bondage and give them birth into nationhood. He established a covenant with them, exhorting them to hear the words of the covenant and do them. Nevertheless, their fathers failed to be obedient. They walked in the imagination of their own hearts and followed after their stubborn attitude.
God told Jeremiah that there was a conspiracy among the men of Judah. Josiah had implemented outward reforms, but the hearts of the people had not changed. They were rebellious and stubborn as their forefathers, and thus conspiring to turn again to idols. The revival of rebellion among the people would be punished. In their punishment, God told Jeremiah that they would not cry out to Him, but to their idol gods, proving that they had a heart of conspiracy. Their idol gods, however, would not save them, Jeremiah 2:28 / Jeremiah 7:17-18.
This is the second time that God has forbidden Jeremiah to pray for His sinful nation, Jeremiah 7:16. This admonition is still applicable to God’s people, 1 John 5:16. Israel was once seen as a beautiful green olive tree. ‘Green’ indicates life. They were once alive and bearing fruit for God. But now they are seen as a dead branch. Jesus said, cut off the dead branches, and burn them.
The people are planning to get rid of Jeremiah. Jeremiah’s long life was certainly a miracle. God preserved and protected him in a most unusual manner. The ‘conspiracy’ referred to arose because people recognised that Jeremiah was an obstacle. They could have killed him, had not God protected him.
Even the people of his home town of Anathoth wanted to get rid of him. Just as Jesus Christ was rejected in His home town of Nazareth, we find that people from Jeremiah’s home town of Anathoth are plotting to kill him. Jesus said, ‘he came to his own and his own received him not.’ John 1:11.
Jeremiah had become their thorn in the flesh, so they wanted him out of the way. Jesus also said, as Jeremiah does here, ‘a lamb led to the slaughter’.
It was because of these similarities that some people believed that Jesus was himself Jeremiah, risen from the dead, Matthew 16:14.
We read in Ezra 2:23 that 128 men of Anathoth returned to Jerusalem after the exile in Babylon. We must therefore suppose that this verse in Jeremiah, claiming that a remnant would not return, must have refer to the actual conspirators who wanted to take the life of Jeremiah, and that this didn’t apply to the whole community.
"Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ."