In our Bibles today, we have 1 and 2 Chronicles as two books, but they were originally one book. The Book of 1 Chronicles is a book of narrative history and genealogies.
While the books of 1 and 2 Kings focus on the northern kingdom, Israel, 1 Chronicles focuses on the southern kingdom, Judah. Nothing is said about the northern kingdom in 2 Chronicles because Jeroboam led the northern tribes after the sins that led them away from worshipping God.
For this reason, 1 Chronicles focuses on the kings and events that relate to the southern kingdom, specifically the tribe of Judah. 2 Chronicles covers the history of both 1 and 2 Kings.
The purpose of the book was to encourage the remnant that had come out of the Babylonian captivity, and it covers in some extra detail most of the information already covered by 1 and 2 Samuel and 1 and 2 Kings.
No one knows who the author of the book is, but Jewish tradition believes that Ezra wrote both 1 and 2 Chronicles, as well as the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. The reason for this is that the book of Ezra immediately begins where 2 Chronicles concludes, 2 Chronicles 36:22-23 / Ezra 1:1-3. Ezra was a priest in the southern kingdom who lived in Jerusalem, Ezra 7:11.
Chronicles tell us about the events in the history of Israel down to the end of their captivity in Babylon and the restoration that was initiated by the Medo-Persian king, Cyrus, 2 Chronicles 36:22-23.
In view of what the author writes in 2 Chronicles 35:25, it appears that the book was written after the time of Jeremiah, who wrote Lamentations. Most commentators agree that the book was written between 450 and 425 BC.
2 Chronicles 1-9 speaks about the history of the reign of Solomon, and 2 Chronicles 10-36 speaks about the history of the separate kingdom of Judah to the time of the return from the Babylonian Exile.
The author of the book gathers up the threads of the old national life broken by captivity. The book also mentions public records, registers, and genealogical tables which belonged to the Jews.
These are referred to throughout the book, 1 Chronicles 27:24 / 1 Chronicles 29:29 / 2 Chronicles 9:29 / 2 Chronicles 12:15 / 2 Chronicles 13:22 / 2 Chronicles 20:34 / 2 Chronicles 24:27 / 2 Chronicles 26:22-23 / 2 Chronicles 27:7 / 2 Chronicles 35:25-27.
There are within the books, and the books of Samuel and Kings, forty parallels, often verbal, proving that the writer knew and used these records, 1 Chronicles 17:18 / 2 Samuel 7:18-20 / 1 Chronicles 19:1-99 / 2 Samuel 10:1-19.
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