Introduction
‘And now, you priests, this warning is for you. If you do not listen, and if you do not resolve to honour my name,” says the LORD Almighty, “I will send a curse on you, and I will curse your blessings. Yes, I have already cursed them because you have not resolved to honour me. “Because of you I will rebuke your descendants; I will smear on your faces the dung from your festival sacrifices, and you will be carried off with it. And you will know that I have sent you this warning so that my covenant with Levi may continue,” says the LORD Almighty. “My covenant was with him, a covenant of life and peace, and I gave them to him; this called for reverence and he revered me and stood in awe of my name. True instruction was in his mouth and nothing false was found on his lips. He walked with me in peace and uprightness and turned many from sin. “For the lips of a priest ought to preserve knowledge because he is the messenger of the LORD Almighty and people seek instruction from his mouth. But you have turned from the way and by your teaching have caused many to stumble; you have violated the covenant with Levi,” says the LORD Almighty. “So, I have caused you to be despised and humiliated before all the people, because you have not followed my ways but have shown partiality in matters of the law.’ Malachi 2:1-9
ADDITIONAL WARNING TO THE PRIESTS
When God instituted the priests among Israel, He promised them the blessing of the support of the people if they carried out their duties according to His law, 2 Chronicles 31:4. However, in this case, if they continued in their injustice and indifference, God would command a curse upon them which means the priests would lose the support of the people, Malachi 2:1-2 / Deuteronomy 27:15-26 / Deuteronomy 28:15-68.
Merrill, in his commentary, says the following.
‘The inevitable result of covenant unfaithfulness was the imposition of the curses that were always spelled out in covenant texts, Leviticus 26:14-39 / Deuteronomy 27:11-26 / Deuteronomy 28:15-57.’
But as always God is patient with people, especially His own people and offers a solution. They can repent, which means to reconsider what they’re doing and after some reconsideration, change their attitudes and behaviour towards God and what He requires of them.
When God says, ‘I will curse your blessings,’ Malachi 2:2, He’s speaking about the benefits they enjoyed because they served in the temple, Numbers 18:8-19. When the people brought sacrifices to the altar, they had the privilege of taking some of the offering for their own use. Remember the Levites didn’t receive any land, they were chosen to serve God in the temple and the other Israelites were to take care of their needs, Numbers 18:21 / Numbers 18:24 / Numbers 18:31 / Numbers 18:25-26 / Numbers 18:28.
In their insincere service, however, it seems that ‘the curse’ had already begun, Malachi 2:2. The poverty-stricken people couldn’t bring sacrifices to the altar and the sacrifices they brought were blemished and so, God rebukes them, Malachi 2:3. What would possibly happen was that the offspring or the descendants of the priests, would be removed from being priests.
Clarke, in his commentary, says the following about ‘the curse’, Malachi 2:2.
‘This may refer, generally, to unfruitful seasons or, particularly, to a dearth that appears to have happened about this time, Haggai 1:6-11.’
Sacrificed animals still had excrement in their systems and God said this should be burned outside the sanctuary, Exodus 29:14. In other words, these existing priests would be removed as the ‘dung’ of the offerings was taken out of the city, Leviticus 4:11-12 / 1 Samuel 2:29-30. God wanted to correct the religious leadership, James 3:1, and so, God said He would spread that dung on their faces, Malachi 2:3, so that they would have to be taken outside the sanctuary.
Constable, in his commentary, says the following.
‘The disgusting picture is of God taking the internal waste of the sacrificial animals and smearing it on the priests’ faces. Consequently both sacrifices and priests would have to be taken outside for disposal. This play on words communicates a double curse, Malachi 2:2. The priests’ descendants would not continue because the priests would cease to bear any or many children, and their inferior sacrifices would render them unclean. They would not, then, be able to continue to function in their office.’
This ‘covenant’ Malachi 2:4, between God and Levi isn’t specifically mentioned in the Old Testament, other than the fact that Levi was in a mutual covenant relationship with God as a part of the entire Israelite family, Deuteronomy 33:8-11. Here in Malachi, Levi Malachi 2:4, stands for all the Levitical priests of Israel who stood before God. In God’s covenant with Israel, Malachi 2:5, and the Levites were given a special intercessory relationship with the people as ministers to God on behalf of the people, Numbers 18:7-8 / Numbers 18:19-21 / Numbers 25:10-13.
They were to set an example of purity and obedience before the people, Malachi 2:5. The Levites were to be the teachers of the law, Malachi 2:6 / Hebrews 13:17 / James 3:1, they were also to demonstrate in their lives the nature of the commandments of God, Ezra 7:10 / Ezra 7:25 / Nehemiah 8:9. The Levites were to administer justice and be peacemakers among the people and they were to be known for ‘the truth that proceeded out of their mouths’, Malachi 2:6 / Nehemiah 8:7-9.
Malachi was a messenger of the Lord, Malachi 1:1, and through his teaching of the law of God to the people, the Levitical priest communicated the will of God to the people, Malachi 2:7. Malachi was God’s messenger to the people, as well as John the Baptist who would be the messenger sent before the Messiah, Malachi 3:1. As the messengers of God, both Malachi and John delivered to the people the message of God. Remember that a priest spoke to God on behalf of the people but prophets spoke to the people on behalf of God.
Clarke, in his commentary, says the following, concerning the qualifications of Levi, Malachi 2:6-7.
1. ‘He feared me’, he was my sincere worshipper.
2. ‘He was afraid,’ he acted as in the presence of a just and holy God and acted conscientiously in all that he did.
3. ‘My law of truth was ever in his mouth,’ by this he directed his own conduct and that of others.
4. ‘No iniquity,’ nothing contrary to justice and equity ever proceeded “from his lips.”
5. ‘He walked with me in peace,’ he lived in such a way as to keep up union with me.
6. ‘He did turn many away from iniquity,’ by his upright administration, faithful exhortations, and pious walk, he became the instrument of converting many sinners.
This character suits every genuine minister of God. And as the priest’s lips should preserve knowledge, so the people should seek ‘the law at his mouth’ for he is the messenger of the Lord of hosts, Malachi 2:7.
The priests of Malachi’s day had ‘turned from the way’, Malachi 2:8. It might have been because they had forgotten God’s Law, Hosea 4:6, and so they didn’t know what to do according to God’s Law or it might have been because they weren’t interested in God’s Law. And it’s those people that God causes to ‘stumble’, Malachi 2:8. He causes them to stumble because they haven’t understood the huge responsibility involved in being a leader, James 3:1. Whatever the reason Malachi says they were still under the condemnation of God for not functioning as priests as they should, Malachi 2:9.
Constable, in his commentary, says the following.
‘Since the priests had despised the Lord, the Lord had made them despised in the eyes of the people. They did not obey His will but had told the people what they wanted to hear. Their penalty should have been death, Numbers 18:32.’
Even today, anyone who wishes to take on any kind of leadership role within the church must know what God requires of them and His people and anyone who wants to be a leader but hasn’t got a clue what God wants of them and His people, are simply just blind guides, Matthew 15:14 / Matthew 23:23.
Here in Malachi, the spiritual leaders led people away from God and through their behaviour, they became blind guides in the sense that they didn’t honour the commandments of God, Mark 7:1-9. They violated the conditions of the covenant of the priesthood and in their application of the law, they became ‘partial’ to the law, Matthew 23:23.
God had given them the blessing of enjoying the support of the people through offerings, but now they had taken advantage of their full-time support and became partial to the rich so that they can keep their office as priests. It may have been that the full-time priests catered to the rich in order to receive some offerings but in doing so, they ignored the poor.
I remember when I lived in Scotland and I was speaking with a Church of Scotland minister about baptism. He didn’t believe in christening or infant baptism yet, he still practised it. I asked him why he did this, despite believing in a believer’s baptism for the forgiveness of sin and receiving the gift of the Holy Spirit and his response was, ‘if I practised what I believed in the Church of Scotland I would lose my job, my income and my house.’
I think there’s an application and warning here for ‘fill-time preachers’ within the Lord’s church. Preachers need to be careful not to give in to their supporting congregation when their supporting congregation begins to dictate what happens within another congregation or how the preacher should understand certain doctrines and beliefs. So often, preachers feel pressured to change their beliefs or practices in order to keep their financial support. There are times we need to put the truth ahead of everything else, including our finances.
BREAKING COVENANT THROUGH DIVORCE
‘Do we not all have one Father? Did not one God create us? Why do we profane the covenant of our ancestors by being unfaithful to one another? Judah has been unfaithful. A detestable thing has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem: Judah has desecrated the sanctuary the LORD loves by marrying women who worship a foreign god. As for the man who does this, whoever he may be, may the LORD remove him from the tents of Jacob—even though he brings an offering to the LORD Almighty.’ Malachi 2:10-12
Malachi asked two questions here, Malachi 2:10, and the answer to both questions is ‘yes’. We all have one Father and He is the God who created us, Deuteronomy 32:6. The background to the rebuke in these verses is God’s purpose for the restoration of Israel to the land and the Israelites’ renewing of their identity as the people of God, Exodus 19:5-6 / Leviticus 19:18.
In order for the promises to the fathers to be identified as fulfilled through Israel, the people of God had to be identified as Israel at the time of fulfilment. For this reason, the people were dealing unfaithfully, in that they ‘married foreign women’, Malachi 2:11. They had repented of their idol worship which was partly the cause for their going into captivity. However, when they returned, they were marrying foreign women and so because of that, they were destroying the identity of God’s people among the nations. In other words, they were marrying themselves out of existence as Jews.
It was God who created the nation of Israel by bringing them out of Egyptian captivity, Isaiah 43:1-21. God had created them as a nation and race of people but they were destroying their identity through intermarriage with foreign women. God had established a covenant with Israel but their integration into the local people through the marriage of foreign women violated the conditions of the covenant, Deuteronomy 7:3-4.
Israel married women from Moab and brought the curse of God upon the people, Numbers 25. Solomon married foreign women who took his heart away from God, 1 Kings 11:1-10, and Ahab married Jezebel who led Israel into new depths of depravity, 1 Kings 16:29-33.
Even the high priests themselves weren’t permitted to marry foreign women and if they did they would defile the priesthood, Leviticus 21:14-15 / Nehemiah 13:29. The priests were allowing this to happen among the people, for they were also putting away the wives of their youth in order to marry younger, foreign women, Ezra 9:1-2. Israel was supposed to be a people that were separated, that is, ‘holy’ from the nations of the world and so they were a holy people, Leviticus 20:24. But in their marriage to foreign women, they violated the sanctity of their holiness.
Their practice was an abomination to the Lord, something that was ‘detestable’ in His sight, Malachi 2:11. They had been created as a nation but through their intermarriage with foreign women, they were working against the plan of God to re-establish Israel for the purpose of bringing the Messiah into the world, Solomon was famous for this very sin, 1 Kings 11:4.
As a result of this, God is going to ‘cut off the males’ Malachi 2:12, of the household who disrespect the covenant relationship between God and Israel through the marriage of foreign women. With the men being cut off from the household, there would be no one who could bring the offering to the Lord.
‘Another thing you do: You flood the LORD’s altar with tears. You weep and wail because he no longer looks with favour on your offerings or accepts them with pleasure from your hands. You ask, “Why?” It is because the LORD is the witness between you and the wife of your youth. You have been unfaithful to her, though she is your partner, the wife of your marriage covenant. Has not the one God made you? You belong to him in body and spirit. And what does the one God seek? Godly offspring. So be on your guard, and do not be unfaithful to the wife of your youth. “The man who hates and divorces his wife,” says the LORD, the God of Israel, “does violence to the one he should protect,” says the LORD Almighty. So be on your guard, and do not be unfaithful.’ Malachi 2:13-16
With the offering of sacrifices came the common practice of mourning. In an effort to make their sacrifices more acceptable to God, they would pour out more ‘tears’, Malachi 2:13. But as we know God wants obedience in all areas of our lives, Proverbs 2:17 / Ezekiel 16:8 / Ezekiel 16:59-62 / Hosea 2:16-20. And so, they needed to change their behaviour, not pour out more ceremonial tears.
The same application can be made today, we can offer God £1000 in the offering every week but if we don’t live obediently the rest of the week, then we shouldn’t think for one moment that our offering will be acceptable. We can’t sing praises about how wonderful God is if we don’t live like we believe it.
1. They were marrying foreign women, Malachi 2:11.
2. They forsook their Jewish wife in order to marry the foreign women, Malachi 2:14.
They already had an Israelite wife but then they put this wife away in order to marry foreign women. Talk about trading in your wife for a younger model. The older men were putting away the wives that they had married when they were young in order to marry younger, more beautiful wives in their older age. In other words, they had forgotten their ‘marriage covenant’ with their wife, Malachi 2:14.
When one marries another, he or she comes into a covenant relationship with his or her partner. It’s a covenant that is made in the eyes of God and so it is honoured by God, Genesis 31:50 / Proverbs 2:16-17. When someone puts away his or her mate, he or she has broken the marriage covenant.
‘Body and spirit’, Malachi 2:15, is in reference to when two are joined together in marriage. They become one in order to bring forth children to the glory of God, Mark 10:9. Parents who demonstrate godliness before their children may raise children who will continue their spiritual heritage, Ephesians 5:22-6:4, but sadly, this isn’t always the case, sometimes children will grow up and do their own thing, no matter how godly their parents are or how great the example they have been is. We have to remember as Christian parents we’re called upon to raise our children in the ways of the Lord, we’re not called upon to make them Christians!
Here in Malachi, the Jewish men were putting away the Jewish wives of their youth, so that they could marry foreign women. Because of this, they were bringing the influence of idolatry again into Israel and there was a real danger that they could influence their children away from God, Malachi 2:16.
God Hates Divorce
Now let me ask, does God hate divorce? New Living Translation says yes. But the answer is no! He hated the way they were going about divorce, Malachi 2:16.
Smith in the Word Biblical Commentary says the following.
‘In light of this ambiguity, we likely should be careful in our interpretation and application of what we understand to be the meaning of this passage. The traditional interpretation of the first three-word sentence attributed to God is: ‘I hate divorce’. The subject of which is based more on contextual evidence than on that of the manuscripts.’
Clendenen, in his commentary, says the following.
‘The passage, Malachi 2:10-16, does not deal with the case of a man divorcing a wife who has already broken her marriage vows, so it also does not apply to the case of a woman divorcing her husband who has already broken his marriage vows. This is another reason the passage should not be understood as an absolute condemnation of divorce under any circumstances. In fact, according to Jeremiah 3:8, the Lord himself had divorced the Northern Kingdom of Israel because of her adulteries, Hosea 2:2.’
Remember that Moses gave instructions concerning the ‘Certificate of Divorce’, Deuteronomy 24:1-9. But that ‘Certificate of Divorce’ was given to bring the Israelites into conformity to God’s law concerning marriage, that one man be married to one woman for life, Matthew 5:31-32 / Matthew 19:3-10 / Mark 10:1-12.
The Hebrew word for ‘certificate of divorce’ is ‘kriythuwth’ which means a cutting of the matrimonial bond, i.e. divorce. The New Testament Greek word equivalent for ‘certificate of divorce’ is ‘apostasion’ and it means something separative, especially divorce. The Hebrew word for ‘put away’ is ‘shalach’ which means to send away, or out. The New Testament Greek word equivalent for ‘put her away’ is ‘apoluo’ which means to send away.
God hated the putting away of their first wife so that they could marry another woman, Malachi 2:16. The divorce here was based on the desire the man had toward another woman other than ‘the wife of his youth’ Malachi 2:15. The detestable thing that was happening Malachi 2:11, was that the wife of his youth, who was now as old as he was, was rejected for the sake of his marriage to a younger, more attractive woman.
The man therefore, was thinking selfishly and not giving honour to his wife with whom he had been in a covenant relationship for many years, Ephesians 5:25-33 and so God hated this practice of divorce for such reasons. In other words, divorcing wasn’t the real issue, it was the way they were divorcing, trading their old wives in for younger models and divorcing their wives without the use of the ‘Certificate of Divorce’ it was an illegal divorce. A woman couldn’t marry anyone else unless she had this certificate and if she did she would become an adulterer.
Please note that a ‘Certificate of Divorce’ wasn’t needed when the spouse died, 1 Corinthians 7:39, nor was it needed when one of the married couples committed ‘fortification’ or ‘adultery’, why? Simply because the punishment was stoning to death, Exodus 20:14 / Deuteronomy 22:22 / Leviticus 20:10. This is what Jesus was trying to drive home to the Jews in Matthew 5:31-32, Matthew 19:3-10, and Mark 10:1-12.
And the effect of this practice was that the men were bringing ‘violence’ upon their divorced women, Malachi 2:16. The Old Testament custom was when a man claimed a woman to be his wife, he would cast his garment over her, Ruth 3:9 / Ezra 16:8. When a man put away the wife of his youth, he was dealing unfairly with his wife by taking another to be his wife. His unfaithfulness was in the fact that he had promised a lifetime covenant with his first wife and then broke the covenant by spreading his garment over another woman.
BREAKING COVENANT THROUGH INJUSTICE
‘You have wearied the LORD with your words. “How have we wearied him?” you ask. By saying, “All who do evil are good in the eyes of the LORD, and he is pleased with them” or “Where is the God of justice?’ Malachi 2:17
Malachi 2:17, introduces us to the punishment of those who had ‘tired God out’, so to speak, with their complaints that God was looking after evil people but neglecting His own people, Isaiah 1:14 / Isaiah 43:24. The struggling Israelites looked to the nations from which they had come from and wondered ‘why those nations were prospering’, and yet they themselves were struggling to survive.
Their struggles led them to doubt whether God was actually with them, Malachi 2:17, and this can easily happen when we go through trials and struggles and take our eyes off Jesus, James 1:2-3 / Matthew 14:22-32 / Hebrews 12:1-2.